DESIGN OF CONSUMMER THERMAL SUBSTATIONS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF DISTRIBUTED SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES IN DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS

In most cases, building service designers choose between Solar thermal (ST) and District Heating (DH) technologies for their integration in buildings. By doing so, only a fraction of the buildings within a particular district is used for ST, while at the same time energy intensity in DH networks can be reduced. In some cases, building-integrated solar thermal systems are connected to DH networks by means of dedicated pipes. In all these cases, sub-optimal situations are reached with lower fraction of renewable heat, reduced network strength and/or additional heat losses. In this paper, a consummer substation concept is proposed with reversible heat flow and net metering, which avoids local thermal storage in the solar loop. Adaptations required for multi-dwelling buildings are presented.European Commission's H2020, 768567, RELaTE

RELATED, A FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO THE DEPLOYMENT AND CONVERSION OF DH NETWORKS TO LOW TEMPERATURE, WITH INCREASED USE OF LOCAL SOLAR SYSTEMS

District heating (DH) systems are key systems for the de-carbonization of heating energy in European Cities. In order to allow for this transition, while guaranteeing competitive energy costs, conversion of DHs is required. DH operation temperature needs to be reduced in order to increase the performance of renewable systems and operation criteria needs to be adopted for the introduction of weather-dependent, distributed heat sources such as solar systems. This paper presents the RELaTED decentralized Ultra-Low Temperature DH network scheme, and its adaptation to several operational schemes such as new and existing DH networks, with different levels of complexity. Transitory phases in the conversion process are discussed.European Commission's H2020, 768567, RELaTE

Cadmium—1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylato coordination polymers bearing different di-alkyl-2,2’-bipyridines: syntheses, crystal structures and photoluminescence studies

Cadmium–1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylato coordination polymers bearing different di-alkyl-2,2′-bipyridines: syntheses, crystal structures and photoluminescence studiesFour coordination polymers have been synthesized using self-assembly solution reactions under ambient conditions, reacting Cd(II) ions with 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid in the presence of different 2,2′-bipyridine co-ligands: {[Cd(H2O)(e,a-cis-1,4-chdc)(2,2′-bpy)]·H2O}n (1); [Cd2(H2O)2(e,a-cis-1,4-chdc)2(4,4′-dmb)2]n (2); {[Cd(e,a-cis-1,4-chdc)(5,5′-dmb)]·H2O·CH3OH}n (3) and {[Cd(e,e-trans-1,4-chdc)(4,4′-dtbb)]·CH3OH}n (4), where 1,4-chdc = 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylato, 2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 4,4′-dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, 5,5′-dmb = 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and 4,4′-dtbb = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine. Crystallographic studies show that compound 1 has a 1D structure propagating along the crystallographic b-axis; the Cd ion in 1 is six-coordinated with a distorted-octahedral coordination sphere. Compound 2 has two crystallographic different Cd ions and both are six-coordinated with a distorted-octahedral coordination sphere. Compound 3 exhibits a seven-coordinated Cd ion having a distinctive distorted-monocapped trigonal prismatic geometry. In compound 4, the Cd ion is also seven-coordinated in a distorted monocapped octahedral geometry. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 possess rhombic-shaped dinuclear units (Cd2O2) as nodes to generate larger cycles made up of four dinuclear units, a Cd4 motif, bridged by four 1,4-chdc ligands, accomplishing, thus, 2D structures. Remarkably, in compound 4 the 1,4-chdc ligand conformation changes to the equatorial, equatorial trans, unlike the other compounds where the bridging ligand conformation is the more typical equatorial, axial cis. The solid state luminescence properties of 1–4 were investigated; polymers 3 and 4 exhibited a strong blue emission (λem = 410–414 nm) compared to 1 and 2; structure-related photoluminescence is attributed to the degree of hydration of the compounds. Furthermore, Cd-polymer 3 suspended in acetone allows the fluorescence selective sensing of acetonitrile over common organic solvents such as alcohols and DMF, based on turn-on fluorescence intensity with a limit of 53 μmol L−1.CONACYT; UNA

Dante en la música española : la Divina Comedia de Conrado del Campo, del poema sinfónico a la ópera

El tema del Infierno de la Divina Comedia ha inspirado numerosas composiciones musicales, tanto en el campo sinfónico como en el operístico. Entre los temas el más utilizado ha sido la trágica historia del amor de Paolo y Francesca. Las versiones operísticas ofrecen diferentes variantes estilísticas desde la tradición italiana de Mercadante, Cagnoni o Zandonai hasta el wagnerismo romántico de Rachmaninof o Mancinelli, pasando por la trivialización de Thomas. En el caso español resulta del mayor interés las composiciones de Conrado del Campo, un compositor muy influido por el romanticismo centroeuropeo, que se acerca al mundo de Dante en la música sinfónica (La Divina Comedia 1910) como en la ópera (La tragedia del beso 1915). En estos proyectos resultó decisivo el encuentro con el poeta Carlos Fernández Shaw.Dante's Inferno has inspired many musical compositions, both symphonic and operatic field. Among the topics the most used has been the tragic love story of Paolo and Francesca. Operatic versions offer different styles from the Italian tradition of Mercadante, Cagnoni or Zandonai to the romantic Wagnerian of Rachmaninoff or Mancinelli, through the French trivialization of Thomas. In the Spanish music compositions by Conrado del Campo, a composer influenced by the Central European Romanticism, approaches the Dante's world in symphonic music (La Divina Comedia 1910) and opera (La tragedia del beso 1915). In these works was decisive the encounter with the poet Carlos Fernández Sha

Fine-grained human evaluation of neural versus phrase-based machine translation

We compare three approaches to statistical machine translation (pure phrase-based, factored phrase-based and neural) by performing a fine-grained manual evaluation via error annotation of the systems' outputs. The error types in our annotation are compliant with the multidimensional quality metrics (MQM), and the annotation is performed by two annotators. Inter-annotator agreement is high for such a task, and results show that the best performing system (neural) reduces the errors produced by the worst system (phrase-based) by 54%.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistic

Bistable and dynamic states of parametrically excited ultrasound in a fluid-filled cavity

In this paper we have considered the problem of parametric sound generation in an acoustic resonator flled with a fluid, taking explicitely into account the influence of the nonlinearly generated second harmonic. A simple model is presented, and its stationary solutions obtained. The main feature of these solutions is the appearance of bistable states of the fundamental field resulting from the coupling to the second harmonic. An experimental setup was designed to check the predictions of the theory. The results are consistent with the predicted values for the mode amplitudes and parametric thresholds. At higher driving values a self-modulation of the amplitudes is observed. We identify this phenomenon with a secondary instability previously reported in the frame of the theoretical model.Comment: 5 figures. Submitted to JAS